Research and News
Posts tagged balance
Balance training effective at reducing falls and improving function
Apr 6th
Fall prevention exercise programs are becoming increasingly popular. Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of strength and balance exercises in reducing the risk of falls in older adults. National organizations such as the National Council on Aging (NCOA) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommend a multi-factoral approach to fall prevention because of the numerous risk factors. Approximately 1/3 of older adults sustain falls every year in the United States, costing over $19 billion in healthcare costs.
Physical therapist researchers at Cal State University Northridge performed a study to determine the effectiveness of a balance exercise training program on strength, balance, gait, and fall risk in 23 healthy community-dwelling older adults at risk for falls. Subjects were randomly assigned to an exercise group or non-exercising control group. The exercise group performed a small group-based balance program, “A Matter of Balance” for 12 weeks, three times a week in a class setting at the PT department.
According to the authors, the exercises included balance exercises standing on foam surfaces and balance boards, as well as squats with an exercise ball. Interestingly, there was no resistive strengthening component in their description of the exercise program, although the original “A Matter of Balance” program developed at Boston More >
Training program improves throwing accuracy in baseball players
Mar 31st
Core training is thought to be important to improve functional sport activities, particularly those involving force transfer through the abdominals and back, into the extremities. For example, much of the strength and power required to throw a baseball comes from the force transmitted through the core from the legs. This is an example of the ‘kinetic chain,” where different parts of the body are interconnected and all contribute in some way to performing a functional activity.
Few studies have investigated the effects of core training on functional performance. Athletic training researchers investigated the effects of a shoulder training program with and without core stability exercises. 19 baseball players were randomly assigned to an open and closed-chain exercise program, or the same program with additional core training. 15 healthy age-matched non athletes were used as a quasi-control group. Each subject was tested for throwing accuracy, core stability, and proprioception before and after the 6-week program.
Both groups performed a shoulder training program that included free weights, closed-chain balance board, step-up, and exercise ball exercises, as well as plyometric ball tosses. The core training group also performed stabilization exercises such as the dead bug, sit-up, bridge, wall slides, and sitting on an exercise ball.
After the training program, More >
Neuromuscular exercise program effective for ACL Rehabilitation
Mar 16th
Rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction usually involves 6 months of physical therapy, including strength and balance exercises. Traditional ACL rehab has focused on increasing strength of knee and lower extremity muscles. More recently, “neuromuscular” exercise programs that de-emphasize strength training have been used successfully in Europe.
Physical therapy researchers in Norway compared 2 types of ACL rehabilitation in 74 post operative patients. In the study, published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine, patients were randomly assigned to a traditional exercise program or a neuromuscular exercise program. The neuromuscular program (described in a separate study) included balance exercises on foam pads, wobble boards, and mini-trampolines. Download their rehabilitation protocol here. Plyometric and agility exercises were also included. Each group was tested for their strength, pain, function, and quality of life.
At a 2-year follow-up, the neuromuscular exercise group significantly increased in function and pain compared to the strengthening group, while the strengthening group only improved in hamstring strength. The authors suggested that both balance and strength exercises be included in ACL rehabilitation program. Thera-Band® Stability Trainers and balance boards are ideal for use in a neuromuscular rehabilitation program.
Reference: Risberg MA, Holm I. The long-term effect of 2 postoperative rehabilitation programs after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled clinical trial More >
Proprioceptive Exercises: Are they effective?
Feb 4th
Neuromuscular and proprioceptive exercises are increasing in popularity during rehabilitation following sports injuries such as ankle sprains and ACL tears. These interventions typically include balance exercises such as Thera-Band® kicks and balance board training. Researchers from Germany completed a systematic review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of proprioceptive and neuromuscular training. 15 clinical trials involving ankle sprains and ACL rehabilitation met the researchers’ inclusion criteria.
The authors concluded that proprioceptive exercise and neuromuscular training are effective at improving function, decreasing symptoms of instability, and preventing re-injury after ankle sprains. Surprisingly, the authors concluded that neuromuscular training was not more effective than strengthening exercise for post-operative ACL reconstruction. In addition, proprioceptive training after injury had no effect on muscle strength, muscle activation or edema, and had more impact on dynamic balance than static balance. There was conflicting evidence on training effects on joint position sense and muscle reaction.
The researchers recommended that training must last 6 to 12 weeks, but the wide variety of exercise and prescription (volume and intensity) made it difficult to recommend specific dosages of exercise. They also commented on the poor methodological quality, lack of applicable studies on shoulder exercises, and need for more research. Based on the evidence, there is moderate evidence that proprioceptive exercises should More >
Fall Prevention Conference Features Thera-Band Products
Aug 6th
Dr. Michael Rogers, Chair and Professor of the Department of Human Performance Studies at Wichita State University recently gave several presentations at the Louisiana Fall Prevention Conference in Lafayette. The conference, sponsored by the Louisiana Office of Public Health, was attended by over 60 representatives of healthcare, government, and senior centers. In addition to providing the keynote address, Dr. Rogers demonstrated his scientifically-proven fall prevention program, Standing Strong in several workshops. The Standing Strong program features Thera-Band products such as elastic bands and Stability Trainers to progressively challenge the systems controlling balance. Rogers noted, “Standing Strong is a practical and easy-to-implement program using readily available equipment. We use the elastic bands for both strength training and balance training because they are so convenient and versatile.” See photos from the event here from Flikr.
