Research and News
Research Updates
Does the exercise ball enhance EMG activity during resistance training?
Jun 24th
When exercise balls became popular in the United States in the 1980s, it was thought that their instability promoted higher activation of the back and abdominal muscles for core stabilization. Several studies have shown that the exercise ball does increase muscle activation of the abdominal muscles compared to a stable surface.
As the exercise ball increased in popularity, trainers and therapists began performing traditional resistance training exercises such as the bench press with dumbbells on an exercise ball. Theoretically, the unstable surface would increase activation of both trunk and shoulder muscles. In addition to the increased risk of injuries associated with traditional resistance training on an exercise ball, researchers began to show that using an exercise ball for extremity exercises was not as effective as once thought.
Canadian researchers (Andersen & Behm 2002) were among the first to show that performing a chest press on an exercise ball significantly decreased force output by 60%. Interestingly, the muscle activation levels remained the same between surface types despite a decrease in force output, suggesting resistance training on an unstable surface may produce less efficient muscle contractions. Subsequently, other researchers (Marshall & Murphy 2006) reported an increase in EMG levels of the deltoid and abdominals More >
Elastic resistance exercise program effective in high school-based exercises for teens
Jun 22nd
Elastic tubing has been proven as effective as free weights again; this time, in teenagers. Several studies have shown that Thera-Band® elastic resistance has similar effects on muscle activation and strength as isotonic resistance (Andersen et al. 2010; Colado & Triplett 2008). Current physical activity guidelines recommend resistance training to improve muscular fitness in youths. A randomized, controlled study in Preventive Medicine by Australian researchers was performed to compare the effects of a resistance exercise program in 15 year old boys and girls using either elastic or isotonic free weight resistance compared to a control group. During the 8-week program, both groups trained twice a week with a PE teacher with a 1:15 instructor-to-participant ratio. They began each session with 5 minutes of aerobic activity and dynamic stretching. Resistance exercises were performed for 2 sets of 8 to 12 reps (Weeks 1-4 = 10-12 reps; Weeks 5-8 = 8-10 reps) with 60 second rests between sets. The 10 strengthening exercises were performed in 40-50 minutes in the same order. Both groups used the Borg scale at 15-18 with an 8-12RM; in other words, participants used a resistance with each exercise that caused fatigue with the last repetition with an exertion level of 15-18 More >
Thera-Band® exercise program for total knee replacement featured in Lower Extremity Review
Jun 15th
Ongoing research at the University of Louisville and Bellarmine University is investigating the effectiveness of Thera-Band® resistance band exercises before surgery for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). “Prehabilitation” consists of pre-operative exercises that are meant to improve strength and functional levels before surgery with the expectation of better rehabilitation and a faster recovery after surgery.
The TKA Prehab Program was recently featured in an article in the March 2010 edition of Lower Extremity Review. The program utilizes Thera-Band resistance bands, step-up exercises, and stretching exercises. A full-color printable handout of the program is available online.
Reference: Brown K et al. 2010. Preoperative exercise boosts TKA outcomes. Lower Extremity Review: March 2010.
Visit the Thera-Band Academy Total Knee Replacement Center Here
Progression of closed-chain gluteus medius exercises
Jun 10th
The gluteus medius muscle is an important frontal plane stabilizer of the pelvis. Although its primary function is pelvic stabilization in singe leg stance (closed-chain), many therapists and trainers continue to strengthen the gluteus medius in an open chain using hip abduction. The addition of an unstable surface such as a Thera-Band® Stability Trainer is thought to increase muscle activation due to the increased challenge of stabilizing the pelvis in the frontal plane while balancing on a labile surface.
Researchers at the Mayo clinic in Rochester Minnesota performed a descriptive electromyographic (EMG) study to quantify the activation of the gluteus medius during different closed-chain weight-bearing exercises. Young, healthy subjects performed 5 exercises: bilateral stance, unilateral stance, unilateral stance on foam, single leg squat, and single leg squat on foam.
The researchers found that single leg stance exercises produced significantly greater EMG activity compared to bilateral stance. In addition, single leg squats produced significantly more EMG activity than single leg stance. While not statistically significant, performing single-leg exercises on a foam pad did produce more EMG activity of the gluteus medius than a stable surface.
Below are the estimated peak muscle activation levels for each exercise. Unfortunately, the authors did not provide the actual % maximal contraction values (MVICs) of More >
Thera-Band® resistance helps headache associated with neck pain
Jun 8th
Cervicogenic headaches, or headaches referred from the neck, occur in about 2.5% of adults. While most people treat their headaches with medication, research is showing that exercise may be a better long-term solution, particularly for chronic neck pain. Researcher Jari Ylinen MD, PhD from Central Hospital in Finland and his colleagues investigated the effects of Thera-Band® strengthening exercises and endurance exercises in patients with headaches and arm pain associated with neck pain. His findings were published in the Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.
Previously, Dr. Ylinen published landmark studies showing Thera-Band cervical exercises “relieve or even completely eliminate pain and restore function in patients with chronic neck pain.” His most recent study investigated the same program in patients with neck pain and headaches. In the blinded, randomized controlled trial, 180 female office workers with head and neck pain were assigned to a strengthening group, endurance training, or control group.
Training methods. Both training groups started with 2 weeks of clinical rehabilitation and a home exercise program, 5 days per week. The endurance group exercised by lifting their head up from supine for 3 sets of 20, while the strengthening group used a dynamic isometric Thera-Band exercise in a sitting position for 1 set of 15 More >
